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Most of the schools was indeed categorized because of the Chilean Ministry regarding Knowledge into around three account, particularly lower-reaching schools, mid-achieving colleges and you will higher-achieving colleges, depending the fresh overall performance of their children in every SIMCE testing ( 32 ) .

Anthropometric dimensions and nutritional reputation

Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score

Socio-economic condition

Socio-monetary position (SES) are measured playing with a measure centered on Graffar’s changed means and that try adapted to Chilean jak funguje instanthookups metropolitan and you may rural communities ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and you will Ivaple towards the four socio-financial communities: 1=large (0·3 %); 2=mid–large (14·7 %); 3=middle (step three8·step three %); 4=mid–reduced (45·6 %); and 5=reduced (step one·step 1 %). However, inside our data i blended such four groups on around three: high (1+2), middle (3) and low (4+5) SES.

Analytical data

Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.

Overall performance

All of our take to was developed up out of thirteen·step one ( sd 2·3) year-old male (52 %) and you can girls (forty eight %) adolescents off lowest (44·step three %), center (39·six %) and you will high (step one6·step one %) SES. They went to fifth (51·9 %) and you will 9th (48·step one %) degree in public (34·8 %), partly subsidized (57·8 %) and private colleges (7·4 %) about Santiago Metropolitan Part. For nutritional reputation, forty-five % out of people was indeed over weight otherwise over weight. Almost half the students (48 %) went to higher-finding schools, while 29 % and you will 23 % attended mid- and you can lower-finding schools, correspondingly.

From the test, 56 % out-of pupils stated usage of facts on snack big date that were stuffed with pounds, sugar, salt and energy. Thirty-half dozen per cent have been thought about to have worst-to-fair snacking, whereas just 8 % were thought to eat suit points inside the treat day in the school. Desk step 1 provides the detailed analytics of your own decide to try. Average values of results inside the Code and you will Math was rather ong people with straight down health quality of edibles at school (P=0·01). The fresh display from children taking substandard items at school try significantly highest certainly one of 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), people gonna reasonable-achieving schools (61 %; P=0·036), and additionally one of skinny and you may normal-lbs people (69 % and 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).